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With a focus on urban flooding, this paper identifies and explains ways in which governments can share climate-related risks. It then evaluates whether and how these tools have been used in Calgary, Alberta, and Toronto, Ontario.
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City governments in Toronto, New York City, and Los Angeles have each set ambitious GHG reduction targets, and developed programs and policies to reach these targets. This paper draws on their experiences and identifies steering strategies that have proven effective in all three cities.
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What tools are available to local governments seeking to share the growing risks associated with a changing climate with other levels of government and non-governmental actors?
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As part of an ongoing series on climate change and cities, IMFG co-sponsored an event featuring speakers from Toronto, Los Angeles, and New York, who discussed their experiences with climate change mitigation and effective steering strategies for local governments.
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As part of an ongoing series on climate change and cities, IMFG co-sponsored an event featuring speakers from Toronto, Los Angeles, and New York, who discussed their experiences with climate change mitigation and effective steering strategies for local governments.
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As part of an ongoing series on climate change and cities, IMFG co-sponsored an event featuring speakers from Toronto, Los Angeles, and New York, who discussed their experiences with climate change mitigation and effective steering strategies for local governments.
Find out more »

This paper argues that additional taxes are entirely appropriate for major cities and estimates the potential revenue that some of these taxes could generate in eight Canadian cities – Vancouver, Calgary, Edmonton, Winnipeg, Toronto, Ottawa, Montréal, and Halifax.
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What new financial instruments and strategies could municipalities rely on to take advantage of today’s low interest rates? What can we learn from municipal lending markets elsewhere?
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